中国深层地热能开采的地质条件评价     

庞忠和  罗霁  程远志  段忠丰  天娇  孔彦龙  李义曼  胡圣标  汪集旸 《地学前缘》2020,27(1):134-151

深层地热能是指深度大于3 000 m的地热能。我国深层地热能资源丰富,但是开采条件怎么样呢?本文基于地热地质学原理,结合岩石力学等相关学科的理论,提出一种对深层地热能开采条件进行评价的指标体系,对各单一指标采用专家打分的方法赋值,继而采用模糊数学定量计算和评估深层地热能资源开发的难易程度。该方法考虑了深层地热能开发利用中的增强地热系统(EGS)的环境安全问题,即传统的“刚性造储”可能带来的诱发地震等不利于地热能行业健康发展的因素,倡导“柔性造储”和广义EGS理念,强调储层属性和地物理场的整合,针对我国地热能分布与构造活动关系密切、地壳总体上活动性强、地应力高、地震频发等构造型地热特点,是对以往评价方法的补充和拓展。该方法充分利用了专家知识,发挥了模糊数学综合评估作用,给出的量化结果易于对比和使用,可以更好地支持决策。本文基于新的评估方法,利用现有的深部地热研究及勘探成果,评估了中国大陆地区九个区域深层地热能开发的难易程度,评价区包括西藏南北地堑系、云南西部火山型地热区、青海东部共和盆地以及东北、华北等。从本文的结果可以看出,我国深层地热能开采的地质条件复杂,开采难度较大。  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):575-590

The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat –clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.  相似文献   

Assessing model of highway slope stability based on optimized SVM     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):339-344

Considering the geological hazards attributed to the highway slope, using a common simple model cannot accurately assess the stability of the slope. First, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to extract the principal components of six factors (namely, bulk density, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height, and pore water pressure ratio) affecting the slope stability. Second, four principal components were adopted as input variables of the support vector machine (SVM) model optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). The output variable was slope stability. Lastly, the assessing model of highway slope stability based on PCA-GA-SVM is established. The maximal absolute error of the model is 0.0921 and the maximal relative error is 9.21% by comparing the assessment value and the practical value of the test sample. The above studies are conducive to enrich the assessing model of highway slope stability and provide some reference for highway slope engineering treatment.  相似文献   

Deep gold mineralization features of Jiaojia metallogenic belt,Jiaodong gold Province: Based on the breakthrough of 3000 m exploration drilling     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):385-401

Recently, continuous breakthroughs have been made about deep gold prospecting in the Jiaodong gold province area of China. Approximately 5000 t of cumulative gold resources have been explored in Jiaodong, which has thus become an internationally noteworthy gold ore cluster. The gold exploration depth has been increased to about 2000 m from the previous <1000 m. To further explore the mineralization potential of the Jiaodong area at a depth of about 3000 m, the Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences has drilled an exploratory drillhole named “Deep drillhole ZK01” to a depth of 3266 m. Hence, as reported herein, the mineralization characteristics of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt have been successfully documented. ZK01 is, to date, the deepest borehole with an gold intersect in China, and constitutes a significant advance in deep gold prospecting in China. The findings of this study further indicate that the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the ground surface in the Wuyi Village area incorporates 912 t of inferred gold resources, while the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the surface across the Jiaodong area possesses about 4000 t of inferred gold resources. The Jiaojia Fault Belt tends to gently dip downward, having dip angles of about 25° and about 20° at vertical depths of 2000 m and 2850 m, respectively. The deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt differs from the shallow and moderately deep parts about fracturing, alteration, mineralization, and tectonic type. The deep zones can generally be categorized from inside outward as cataclastic granite, granitic cataclasite, weakly beresitized granitic cataclasite, beresitized cataclasite, and gouge. These zones exhibit a gradual transitional relation or occur alternately and repeatedly. The mineralization degree of the pyritized cataclastic granite-type ore in the deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt is closely related to the degree of pyrite vein development; that is, the higher the pyrite content, the wider the veins and the higher the gold grade. Compared to the shallow gold ores, the deep-seated gold ores have higher fineness and contain joseite, tetradymite, and native bismuth, suggesting that the deep gold mineralization temperature is higher and that mantle-sourced material may have contributed to this mineralization. ZK01 has also revealed that the deep-seated ore bodies in the Jiaojia metallogenic belt are principally situated above the main fracture plane (gouge) and hosted within the Linglong Granite, contradicting previous findings indicating that the moderately shallow gold ore bodies are usually hosted in the contact zone between the Linglong Granite and Jiaodong Group or meta-gabbro. These new discoveries are particularly significant because they can help correct mineralization prospecting models, determine favorable positions for deep prospecting, and improve metallogenic prediction and resource potential evaluation.  相似文献   

琼东南盆地深水区松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带发育特征及油气地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨金海  杨希冰  周杰  甘军  宋爱学  江凡  杨璐 《海洋学报》2019,41(5):97-106

利用新三维地震资料对松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带发育特征、形成期次进行研究，并从构造背景及力学机制两个方面探讨反转构造的成因机制。研究结果表明，松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带主要发育一系列"上凸下凹"的大型褶皱背斜，伴生NWW向弱走滑断裂构造和NNW向张剪构造。反转构造及其伴生构造符合NEE右旋剪切应力场特征，形成时间与东沙运动一致，表明该反转构造带可能受晚中新世南海东北部东沙运动产生的右旋走滑应力场作用控制。反转构造有利于研究区圈闭的重建和改造，对琼东南盆地东部新区油气运移和重新优选分配的认识，具有重要的油气地质意义。  相似文献   

川藏铁路交通廊道地质调查工程主要进展与成果     

郭长宝  王保弟  刘建康  涂杰楠  张永双  马剑飞  铁永波  韩冰  马鑫  刘峰  李雪  孟文  钟宁  杨志华  吴瑞安 《中国地质调查》2020,7(6):1-12

川藏铁路是我国正在规划建设的重点工程,由于其位于地形地貌和地质构造都极为复杂的青藏高原东部,在铁路规划建设中面临一系列迫切需要解决的关键地质问题: 区域性活动断裂与断错影响、地质灾害、高地应力及其引起的岩爆和大变形、高温热害、断裂带高压水与涌水突泥、高陡边坡稳定性等。为满足技术支撑川藏铁路规划建设、精准服务国家重大战略实施的需要,中国地质调查局部署了“川藏铁路交通廊道地质调查工程”,聚焦制约川藏铁路规划建设的关键问题,充分发挥地质调查工作对国家重大工程规划建设的支撑作用。2019年主要完成铁路沿线1:5万区域地质调查1 350 km²、1:5万地质灾害调查5 000 km²,建设6口大地热流地质参数井、8个地温监测站,完成地应力测量20孔,编制完成11份地质调查专报,提出的大渡河大桥段、理塘车站段、毛垭坝盆地段等线路优化建议/防灾建议被采纳; 首次将1:5 000大比例尺航空物探技术引入复杂山地铁路工程勘察,创新形成千米级超长水平钻孔定向取心钻进技术,实现500 m深的水平孔地应力测量突破等。该工程通过2019年调查研究,全力提升了铁路沿线地质调查程度与精度,并创新了复杂艰险山区重大工程地质问题与探测技术、地质灾害风险防控理论与减灾关键技术,有效支撑服务了川藏铁路规划建设。  相似文献   

地灾监测的大数据信息平台研究及应用     

何伟  张伦宁  贺成成  梁霄  宋连凯 《测绘通报》2019,(1):127-131

重点对地灾监测方面的方案研究进行了阐述，在构建大数据信息平台的设计方案时，以实现高度自动化的全方位监测功能为导向，依托导航卫星数据接收机和多源传感器，集成构建大数据信息平台的系统解决方案，主要包括扼流圈卫星天线、GNSS数据接收机、MEMS传感器、环境测量单元、防雷区域单元等功能元件的组成、多传感器的系统集成，以及全方位监测的功能实现。按照地灾监测大数据信息平台建设、构建大数据平台关键技术突破及检测数据解算软件功能实现的顺序，完成了GNSS实时监测预警应用网络系统HCmonitor的研发。综合应用多种手段实现地灾监测的功能升级，为解决重大灾害预警提供了新的思路和解决方案，该项成果在甘肃舟曲的灾后重建工程得到应用与推广。  相似文献   

新工科理念下的实验课程教学改革与实践探索     

蔡剑红  霍亮  朱凌 《测绘通报》2019,(2):147-152

近年来为适应创新人才的培养，"卓越计划"开启了全新教学模式。基于新工科理念，为了更好地进行实验课程教学，以"3ds Max软件三维建模"为例，笔者从课程内容安排、教学方式、考核机制等方面进行了教学探索和实践。本文以应用软件实验类课程项目教学的实践经验为基础，注重学生团队合作和交流能力、实践能力、创新能力培养，以及多渠道快速学习新事物的能力，通过与测绘新技术下多软件融合，使学生拥有知识整合能力，为提高实践教学提供参考和借鉴，以更好地适应新工科理念下的创新人才培养。  相似文献   

大跨径斜拉桥主梁线形测控新方法研究及应用     

顾玄龙  刘成龙  李雷  沈卢明  蒋涛  杨雪峰 《测绘通报》2019,(4):49-53,59

大跨径斜拉桥结构刚度小、变形大，为保证主梁顺利合龙，施工过程必须快速精确定位主梁上各个节段的平面和竖向线形。区别于传统的极坐标主梁平面线形测控方法，本文提出采用全站仪自由设站法测控主梁平面线形；同时区别于传统的水准测量方法，提出采用全站仪间接高差传递的方法测控主梁竖向线形。介绍了两种新方法的测量原理，通过工程实例论证了新方法的可行性和实用性，且能够大幅度提高测控效率，可为其他大跨径桥梁主梁线形的测控提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

A literature synthesis of LiDAR applications in transportation: feature extraction and geometric assessments of highways     

Suliman A. Gargoum  Karim El Basyouny 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(6):864-893

Interest in using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology in Transportation Engineering has grown over the past decade. The high accuracy of LiDAR datasets and the efficiency by which they can be collected has led many transportation agencies to consider mobile LiDAR as an alternative to conventional tools when surveying roadway infrastructure. Nonetheless, extracting semantic information from LiDAR datasets can be extremely challenging. Although extracting roadway features from LiDAR has been considered in previous research, the extraction of some features has received more attention than others. In fact, for some roadway design elements, attempts to extract those elements from LiDAR have been extremely scarce. To document the research that has been done in this area, this paper conducts a thorough review of existing studies while also highlighting areas where more research is required. Unlike previous research, this paper includes a thorough review of the previous attempts at data extraction from LiDAR while summarizing the detailed steps of the extraction procedure proposed in each study. Moreover, the paper also identifies common tools and techniques used to extract information from LiDAR for transportation applications. The paper also highlights common limitations in existing algorithms that could be improved in future research. This paper represents a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in knowing the current state of research on the applications of LiDAR in the field of Transportation Engineering while also understanding the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.  相似文献